* Changed the way that Atmos programs are started.
- Put a BASIC-language stub at the beginning. - Removed the Autostart flag. Those changes make it easy to give command-line arguments to a program. * Made the Atmos configure file accept a special symbol definition on ld65's command line. We can use "__RAMEND__" to increase the amount of RAM that's available to programs.
This commit is contained in:
Greg King
parent
d75f9c2051
commit
09e50d433d
5 changed files with 116 additions and 47 deletions
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@ -1,22 +1,30 @@
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SYMBOLS {
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__STACKSIZE__: type = weak, value = $0800; # 2k stack
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__TAPEHDR__: type = import;
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__BASHDR__: type = import;
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__PROGFLAG__: type = weak, value = $00; # $00=BASIC, $80=machine code
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__AUTORUN__: type = weak, value = $00; # $C7=run, $00=only load
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__STACKSIZE__: type = weak, value = $0800; # 2K stack
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__RAMEND__: type = weak, value = $9800; # graphics RAM not grabbed
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# __RAMEND__: type = weak, value = $B400; # graphics RAM grabbed
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}
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MEMORY {
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ZP: file = "", define = yes, start = $00E2, size = $001A;
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TAPEHDR: file = %O, type = ro, start = $0000, size = $0011;
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RAM: file = %O, define = yes, start = $0500, size = $9300 - __STACKSIZE__;
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TAPEHDR: file = %O, type = ro, start = $0000, size = $001F;
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BASHEAD: file = %O, define = yes, start = $0501, size = $000D;
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RAM: file = %O, define = yes, start = __BASHEAD_LAST__, size = __RAMEND__ - __RAM_START__ - __STACKSIZE__;
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}
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SEGMENTS {
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ZEROPAGE: load = ZP, type = zp;
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TAPEHDR: load = TAPEHDR, type = ro;
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BASHDR: load = BASHEAD, type = ro, define = yes, optional = yes;
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STARTUP: load = RAM, type = ro;
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LOWCODE: load = RAM, type = ro, optional = yes;
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INIT: load = RAM, type = ro, define = yes, optional = yes;
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CODE: load = RAM, type = ro;
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RODATA: load = RAM, type = ro;
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INIT: load = RAM, type = ro, define = yes, optional = yes;
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DATA: load = RAM, type = rw;
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ZPSAVE: load = RAM, type = bss, define = yes;
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ZPSAVE: load = RAM, type = rw, define = yes;
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BSS: load = RAM, type = bss, define = yes;
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ZEROPAGE: load = ZP, type = zp;
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}
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FEATURES {
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CONDES: type = constructor,
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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<url url="mailto:uz@cc65.org" name="Ullrich von Bassewitz">,<newline>
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<url url="mailto:polluks@sdf.lonestar.org" name="Stefan A. Haubenthal">,<newline>
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<url url="mailto:greg.king5@verizon.net" name="Greg King">
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<date>2014-03-27
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<date>2014-09-23
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<abstract>
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An overview over the Atmos runtime system as it is implemented for the cc65 C
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@ -32,27 +32,37 @@ more than one platform. Please see the function reference for more
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information.
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<sect>Binary format<p>
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The standard binary output format generated by the linker for the Atmos target
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is a machine language program with a 17 byte tape header including a cc65 tag.
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The standard load and autostart address is $500.
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is a machine language program with a one-line BASIC stub that jumps to the
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machine-language part through <tt/CALL/. It has a 24-byte tape header.
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It means that a file can be loaded as a BASIC program, and started with RUN.
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The standard load address is $501.
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<sect>Memory layout<p>
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In the standard setup, cc65 generated programs use the memory from
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$500 to $9800, so nearly 37K of memory (including the stack) is
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In the standard setup, cc65-generated programs use the memory from
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$0501 to $9800; so, nearly 37K of memory (including the stack) is
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available. ROM calls are possible without further precautions.
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If your program needs more memory, and it won't use TGI graphics, then you can
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use the ld65 command-line option, <tt/-D __RAMEND__=$B400/, when building the
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program, to "grab" the graphics screen RAM. Then, nearly 44K of memory is
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available.
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Special locations:
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<descrip>
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<tag/Stack/
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The C runtime stack is located at $97FF and growing downwards.
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The C runtime stack is located at $97FF (or $B3FF), and grows
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downwards.
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<tag/Heap/
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The C heap is located at the end of the program and grows towards the C
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The C heap is located at the end of the program, and grows towards the C
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runtime stack.
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</descrip><p>
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@ -117,7 +127,8 @@ The names in the parentheses denote the symbols to be used for static linking of
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<sect1>Graphics drivers<p>
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The default drivers, <tt/tgi_stddrv (tgi_static_stddrv)/, point to <tt/atmos-240-200-2.tgi (atmos_240_200_2_tgi)/.
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The default drivers, <tt/tgi_stddrv (tgi_static_stddrv)/,
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point to <tt/atmos-240-200-2.tgi (atmos_240_200_2_tgi)/.
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<descrip>
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@ -175,13 +186,14 @@ No mouse drivers are currently available for the Atmos.
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<sect1>Disk I/O<p>
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The existing library for the Atmos doesn't implement C file
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I/O. There are hacks for the <tt/read()/ and <tt/write()/ routines in
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place, which will make functions work that read from and write to <tt/stdout/
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(like <tt/printf()/). However, those functions have some shortcomings which
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won't be fixed, because they're going to be replaced anyway.
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The existing library for the Atmos doesn't implement C file I/O. There are
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hacks for the <tt/read()/ and <tt/write()/ routines in place, which will make
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functions work that read from <tt/stdin/ and write to <tt/stdout/ and
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<tt/stderr/ (such as <tt/printf()/). However, those functions have some
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shortcomings which won't be fixed, because they're going to be replaced
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anyway.
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To be more concrete, the limitation means that you cannot use any of the
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To be more concrete, that limitation means that you cannot use any of the
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following functions (and a few others):
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<itemize>
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@ -202,7 +214,13 @@ following functions (and a few others):
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<sect1>Function keys<p>
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These are defined to be FUNCT + number key.
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They are defined to be FUNCT + a number key.
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<sect1>Capitals Lock<p>
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The "CAPS Lock" mode is turned off while the program is running. The previous
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mode (usually turned on) is restored when the program stops.
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<sect1>Passing arguments to the program<p>
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@ -211,10 +229,12 @@ Command-line arguments can be passed to <tt/main()/. Since that is not
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supported directly by BASIC, the following syntax was chosen:
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<tscreen><verb>
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CALL#500:REM ARG1 " ARG2 IS QUOTED" ARG3 "" ARG5
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RUN:REM arg1 " ARG2 IS QUOTED" ARG3 "" ARG5
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</verb></tscreen>
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<enum>
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<item>You must turn <tt/CAPS/ lock off (tap CTRL-T) when you want to type
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lower-case arguments.
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<item>Arguments are separated by spaces.
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<item>Arguments may be quoted.
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<item>Leading and trailing spaces around an argument are ignored. Spaces within
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24
libsrc/atmos/bashdr.s
Normal file
24
libsrc/atmos/bashdr.s
Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
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;
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; 2010-11-14, Ullrich von Bassewitz
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; 2014-09-06, Greg King
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;
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; This module supplies a small BASIC stub program that uses CALL
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; to jump to the machine-language code that follows it.
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;
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; The following symbol is used by the linker config. file
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; to force this module to be included into the output file.
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.export __BASHDR__:abs = 1
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.segment "BASHDR"
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.addr Next
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.word .version ; Line number
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.byte $BF,'#' ; CALL token, mark number as hexadecimal
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.byte <(Start >> 8 ) + '0' + (Start >> 8 > $09) * $07
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.byte <(Start >> 4 & $0F) + '0' + (Start >> 4 & $0F > $09) * $07
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.byte <(Start & $0F) + '0' + (Start & $0F > $09) * $07
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.byte $00 ; End of BASIC line
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Next: .addr $0000 ; BASIC program end marker
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Start:
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@ -2,39 +2,18 @@
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; Startup code for cc65 (Oric version)
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;
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; By Debrune Jérôme <jede@oric.org> and Ullrich von Bassewitz <uz@cc65.org>
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; 2014-08-22, Greg King
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; 2014-11-09, Greg King
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;
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.export _exit
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.export __STARTUP__ : absolute = 1 ; Mark as startup
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.import initlib, donelib
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.import callmain, zerobss
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.import __RAM_START__, __RAM_SIZE__
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.import __ZPSAVE_LOAD__, __STACKSIZE__
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.import __RAM_START__, __RAM_SIZE__, __STACKSIZE__
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.include "zeropage.inc"
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.include "atmos.inc"
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; ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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; Oric tape header
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.segment "TAPEHDR"
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.byte $16, $16, $16 ; Sync bytes
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.byte $24 ; End of header marker
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.byte $00 ; $2B0
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.byte $00 ; $2AF
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.byte $80 ; $2AE Machine code flag
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.byte $C7 ; $2AD Autoload flag
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.dbyt __ZPSAVE_LOAD__ - 1 ; $2AB
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.dbyt __RAM_START__ ; $2A9
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.byte $00 ; $2A8
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.byte ((.VERSION >> 8) & $0F) + '0'
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.byte ((.VERSION >> 4) & $0F) + '0'
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.byte (.VERSION & $0F) + '0'
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.byte $00 ; Zero terminated compiler version
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; ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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; Place the startup code in a special segment.
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@ -79,7 +58,7 @@ L1: lda sp,x
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; Call the module destructors. This is also the exit() entry.
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_exit: jsr donelib ; Run module destructors
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_exit: jsr donelib
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; Restore the system stuff.
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@ -104,7 +83,15 @@ L2: lda zpsave,x
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.segment "ZPSAVE"
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zpsave: .res zpspace
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zpsave:
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; This padding is needed by a bug in the ROM.
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; (The CLOAD command starts BASIC's variables table on top of the last byte
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; that was loaded [instead of at the next address].)
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.byte 0
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.res zpspace - 1
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; ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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30
libsrc/atmos/tapehdr.s
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30
libsrc/atmos/tapehdr.s
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;
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; Based on code by Debrune Jérôme <jede@oric.org>
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; 2013-08-15, Greg King
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;
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; The following symbol is used by the linker config. file
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; to force this module to be included into the output file.
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.export __TAPEHDR__:abs = 1
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.import __BASHDR_LOAD__, __ZPSAVE_LOAD__, __AUTORUN__, __PROGFLAG__
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; ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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; Oric cassette-tape header
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.segment "TAPEHDR"
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.byte $16, $16, $16 ; Sync bytes
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.byte $24 ; Beginning-of-header marker
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.byte $00 ; $2B0
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.byte $00 ; $2AF
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.byte <__PROGFLAG__ ; $2AE Language flag ($00=BASIC, $80=machine code)
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.byte <__AUTORUN__ ; $2AD Auto-run flag ($C7=run, $00=only load)
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.dbyt __ZPSAVE_LOAD__ ; $2AB Address of end of file
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.dbyt __BASHDR_LOAD__ ; $2A9 Address of start of file
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.byte $00 ; $2A8
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; File name (a maximum of 17 characters), zero-terminated
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.asciiz .sprintf("%u", .time)
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