lsnes/manual.txt

1 Introduction

lsnes is SNES rerecording emulator based on bsnes core.

2 Dependencies

1. bsnes libsnes (for bsnes SNES core)

  (a) v084-v087 (v084 or v085 for delayreset support)

  (b) accuracy or compatiblity core with debugger enabled.

  (c) Patched version (using included 7 patches)

2. gambatte (for gambatte core)

  (a) SVN r320, r358 or r364

  (b) Patched with included patches

3. Zlib

4. boost_iostreams

5. boost_filesystem

6. boost_thread (if native std::thread is not available)

7. libsdl (SDL only)

8. sdlmain (SDL only, part of SDL)

9. boost_conversion (this is header-only library)

10. libswscale (wxwidgets graphics only)

11. Portaudio (portaudio sound only)

12. libao (libao sound only)

13. Lua version 5.1.X or 5.2.X

14. G++ 4.6 or 4.7

15. libopus (optional, for commentary track tool)

3 Building

• Copy bsnes sources (the bsnes subdirectory) to subdirectory 
  'bsnes' (for bsnes core).

• Copy gambatte sources to subdirectory 'gambatte' (for gambatte 
  core).

• Patch the bsnes sources with included patches (directory 
  'bsnes-patches/<version>', bsnes core)

• Patch the gambatte sources with included patches (directory 
  'gambatte-patches/<version>', gambatte core)

• Edit options.build (or copy of that file)

• Run make (passing 'OPTIONS=<filename>' if using something else 
  than options.build).

4 Command line options

4.1 Wxwidgets options

4.1.1 --rom=<file>

Load <file> as ROM.

4.1.2 <file>

Load <file> as ROM.

4.1.3 --load=<file>

Load <file> as movie or savestate file on startup.

4.1.4 --settings

Instead of starting the emulator, only display the settings.

4.1.5 --pluginmanager

Instead of starting the emulator, display the plugin manager 
(useful to disable some plugin that causes emulator to crash on 
startup)

4.1.6 --lua=<file>

Run this Lua file on startup

4.2 dump options (lsnes-dumpavi only)

4.2.1 --rom=<file>

Load <file> as ROM. Required.

4.2.2 <filename>

Load <filename> as movie or savestate file on startup. Required.

4.2.3 --dumper=<dumper>

Set the dumper to use (required). Use 'list' for listing of known 
dumpers.

4.2.4 --firmware-path=<path>

Set path to look for firmware.

4.2.5 --mode=<mode>

Set the mode to use (required for dumpers with multiple modes, 
forbidden otherwise). Use 'list' for known modes.

4.2.6 --prefix=<prefix>

Set dump prefix. Default is “avidump”.

4.2.7 --option=<name>=<value>

Set option <name> to value <value>.

4.2.8 --length=<length>

Set number of frames to dump. Mandatory, unless --overdump-length 
is specified.

4.2.9 --overdump-length=<length>

Set number of frames to dump after movie end. Mutually exclusive 
with --length.

4.2.10 --lua=<script>

Run specified lua script (lsnes-dumpavi does not have 
initialization files).

4.2.11 --load-library=<library>

Load the specified shared object / dynamic library / dynamic link 
library.

4.3 lsnes settings directory

The lsnes settings directory is (in order of decreasing 
perference):

• Windows: %APPDATA%\lsnes (if %APPDATA% exists)

• Unix: $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/lsnes (if $XDG_CONFIG_HOME exists)

• Unix: $HOME/.config/lsnes (if $HOME exists)

• All: . (fallback default).

If leading directories do not exist, attempt to create them is 
made.

5 Internal commands

• Commands beginning with '*' invoke the corresponding command 
  without alias expansion.

• If command starts with '+' (after possible '*'), the command is 
  executed as-is when button is pressed, and when button is 
  released, it is executed with '+' replaced by '-'.

• Commands without '+' execute only on negative edge (release).

5.1 run-script <script>

Run <script> as if commands were entered on the command line.

5.2 Memory manipulation

• <address> can be one of:

  – Decimal number

  – Hexadecimal number (prefixed with 0x)

  – <memarea>+<hexoffset> (no 0x prefix for offset).

<value> can be hexadecimal (prefixed with '0x'), unsigned or 
signed (prefixed with '-') decimal.

The available element <sizes> are:

• byte: 1 byte

• word: 2 bytes

• hword: 3 bytes

• dword: 4 bytes

• qword: 8 bytes

• float: 4 bytes (floating-point)

• double: 8 bytes (floating-point)

When reading RAM and ROM, multi-byte reads/writes are big-endian. 
When dealing with DSP memory, multi-byte reads/writes are 
native-endian (do not use operand sizes exceeding DSP bitness, 
except dword is OK for 24-bit memory).

5.2.1 read-<size> <address>

Read the value of byte in <address>.

5.2.2 read-s<size> <address>

Read the value of signed byte in <address>.

5.2.3 write-<size> <address> <value>

Write <value> to byte in address <address>.

5.3 Main commands

These commands are not available in lsnesrc, but are available 
after ROM has been loaded.

5.3.1 quit-emulator

Quits the emulator.

5.3.2 pause-emulator

Toggle paused/unpaused

5.3.3 +advance-frame 

Advance frame. If the button is still held after configurable 
timeout expires, game unpauses for the duration frame advance is 
held.

5.3.4 +advance-poll 

Advance subframe. If the button is still held after configurable 
timeout expires, game unpauses for the duration frame advance is 
held.

5.3.5 advance-skiplag 

Skip to first poll in frame after current.

5.3.6 reset 

Reset the SNES after this frame.

5.3.7 load <filename> 

Load savestate <filename> in current mode.

5.3.8 load-state <filename> 

Load savestate <filename> in readwrite mode.

5.3.9 load-readonly <filename> 

Load savestate <filename> in readonly mode.

5.3.10 load-preserve <filename> 

Load savestate <filename> in readonly mode, preserving current 
events.

5.3.11 load-movie <filename> 

Load savestate <filename>, ignoring save part in readonly mode.

5.3.12 save-state <filename> 

Save system state to <filename> as soon as possible.

5.3.13 save-movie <filename> 

Save movie to <filename>.

5.3.14 set-rwmode 

Set recording mode.

5.3.15 set-romode 

Set playback mode

5.3.16 toggle-rwmode 

Toggle between playback and recording modes.

5.3.17 test-1, test-2, test-3

Internal test commands. Don't use.

5.3.18 take-screenshot <filename> 

Save screenshot to <filename>.

5.3.19 +controller <class>-<#>-<button>

Press button <button> on controller <num> of class <class>.

• Class 'gamepad': A, B, X, Y, L, R, select, start, up, down, 
  left, right, ext0, ext1, ext2, ext3

• Class 'mouse': L, R

• Class 'superscope': trigger, cursor, turbo, pause

• Class 'justifier': trigger, start

• Class 'gb': A, B, select, start, up, down, left, right

5.3.20 hold-controller <class>-<#>-<button>

Hold/unhold button <button> on controller <num> of class <class>.

5.3.21 type-controller <class>-<#>-<button>

Hold/unhold button <button> on controller <num> of class <class> 
for the next frame. See +controller for button names.

Cauntion: Does not work properly if outside frame advance.

5.3.22 +autofire-controller <class>-<#>-<button> [[<duty>] 
  <cyclelen>]

Start autofire. If duty is not specified, defaults to 1. If 
<cyclelen> is not specified, defaults to 2.

5.3.23 -autofire-controller <class>-<#>-<button> [[<duty>] 
  <cyclelen>]

End autofire.

5.3.24 autofire-controller <class>-<#>-<button> [[<duty>] 
  <cyclelen>]

Toggle autofire. If autofire is turned on, specified cycle is 
used.

5.3.25 designate-position <class>-<#>-analog<n>

Designate position for analog pair. <n> is only there if there 
are multiple axis pairs.

5.3.26 repaint

Force a repaint.

5.3.27 toggle-pause-on-end

Toggle pause on end flag.

5.3.28 set-pause-on-end

Set pause on end flag.

5.3.29 clear-pause-on-end

Clear pause on end flag.

5.3.30 action <action> [<parameters>]

Run specified core action.

5.4 Save jukebox 

5.4.1 cycle-jukebox-backward

Cycle save jukebox backwards.

5.4.2 cycle-jukebox-forward

Cycle save jukebox forwards

5.4.3 set-jukebox-slot <slot>

Set current jukebox slot

5.4.4 load-jukebox

Do load from jukebox (current mode).

5.4.5 save-jukebox

Do state save to jukebox.

5.5 Slot branches

5.5.1 list-branches

List all branches

5.5.2 create-branch <pid> <name>

Create a new branch, with <pid> as parent and <name> as name.

5.5.3 rename-branch <id> <name>

Rename branch <id> to <name>.

5.5.4 reparent-branch <id> <pid>

Set parent of branch <id> to <pid>.

5.5.5 set-branch <id>

Set current branch to <id>.

5.5.6 delete-branch <id>

Delete branch <id>.



5.6 Lua 

5.6.1 evaluate-lua <luacode>

Run Lua code <luacode> using built-in Lua interpretter.

5.6.2 L <luacode>

Synonym for evaluate-lua.

5.6.3 run-lua <script>

Run specified lua file using built-in Lua interpretter.

5.6.4 reset-lua

Clear the Lua VM state and restore to factory defaults.

5.7 Sound 

5.7.1 enable-sound <on/off> 

Enable/Disable sound.

5.8 Misc.

5.8.1 load-rom <file>

Loads ROM (format autodetected) from <file>.

5.8.2 reload-rom

Reloads the main ROM image from.

5.8.3 +tangent

Tangent for recording voice for commentary track. While pressed, 
record a stream.

5.8.4 advance-subframe-timeout

Subframe advance timeout in milliseconds. Default is 100.

5.8.5 set-speed <speed>

Set the speed multiplier. <speed> may be positive number (1 is 
normal speed) or “turbo” for turbo.

6 Settings

6.1 Core settings

6.2 AVI dumper settings

6.2.1 avi-large

AVI dumper: Always dump at 512x448 or 512x478 regardless of what 
the console outputs.

6.2.2 avi-left-border

AVI dumper: Set the default left border thickness (unless lua 
overrides) for dumps. Range 0-8191. Default is 0.

6.2.3 avi-right-border

AVI dumper: Set the default right border thickness (unless lua 
overrides) for dumps. Range 0-8191. Default is 0.

6.2.4 avi-top-border

AVI dumper: Set the default top border thickness (unless lua 
overrides) for dumps. Range 0-8191. Default is 0.

6.2.5 avi-bottom-border

AVI dumper: Set the default bottom border thickness (unless lua 
overrides) for dumps. Range 0-8191. Default is 0.

6.2.6 avi-maxframes

AVI dumper: Maximum number of frames per dump segment (0 => 
unlimited). Range 0-999999999. Default is 0.

6.2.7 avi-compresison

AVI dumper: Compression level (0-18).

• Compression levels 10 and above are not compatible with stock 
  CSCD codec.

• Recomended level is 7.

6.2.8 avi-soundrate

AVI dumper: Set method of determining the sound rate.

• 0: Pick nearest of 8, 11.025, 12, 16, 22.05, 24, 32, 44.1, 48, 
  64, 88.2, 96, 128, 176.4 and 192 kHz.

• 1: Round down to nearest integer.

• 2: Round up to nearest ingeter.

• 3: Multiply by denominator.

• 4: High quality 44.1kHz (SRC needed).

• 5: High quality 48kHz (SRC needed).

6.3 JMD options

6.3.1 jmd-compression

JMD dumper: Compression level (0-9).

7 Movie editor

• The editor edits in-memory movie.

• Because past can't be edited and readwrite mode doesn't allow 
  future, editing only works in read only mode.

• Keyboard triggers the normal hotkeys and bindings.

7.1 Left button actions

• Clicking on cell in future (indicated by lack of redish 
  background) toggles it (if it is a button) or prompts for a 
  value (if it is an axis)

• Dragging vertically toggles sequence of buttons or changes a 
  sequence of axis values.

7.2 Right button actions

The right mouse button pops up a context-sensitive menu:

• Toggle <something>: Toggle this button

• Change <something>: Change this axis value

• Insert frame after: Insert a frame after this frame

• Append frame: Append a frame to movie

• Append frames: Append specified number of frames to movie

• Delete frame: Delete this frame

• Delete subframe: Delete this subframe

• Truncate movie: Delete this subframe and everything after it.

• Scroll to frame: Prompt for a frame and scroll the display to 
  that frame.

• Scroll to current frame: Scroll the display to current position

• Run to frame: Prompts for frame and runs the emulation to that 
  frame.

• Change number of lines visible: Change the height of the movie 
  display (1 to 255).

• Lock scroll to playback: While playing back or rewinding 
  movies, the display will follow if enabled.

8 Memory watch expression syntax

Memory watch expressions has the following syntax elements:

${foo}     The value of memory watch foo.

0x1234     Hexadecimal number 1234

12345      Decimal number 12345

3.141      Decimal number 3.141

-a         Unary negation

~a         Bitwise NOT (integers only)

a*b        Multiplication

a/b        Division/quotent

a%b        Remainder (integers only)

a+b        Sum or string concatenation

a-b        Difference

a<<b       Shift left (integers only)

a>>b       Shift right (integers only). Arithmetic for signed.

a<b        Less than

a<=b       Less or equal to

a==b       Equal to

a!=b       Not equal to

a>=b       Greater or equal to

a>b        Greater than

a&b        Bitwise AND (integers only)

a^b        Bitwise XOR (integers only)

a|b        Bitwise OR (integers only)

a&&b       Logical AND

a||b       Logical OR

π          Numeric constant pi.

i          Imaginary unit

if(x,y)    If x is true, y, else false.

if(x,y,z)  If x is true, y, else z.

select(x...)

           First value in x... that is not false, or false if 
none.

unsigned(x)

           Cast x to unsigned.

signed(x)

           Cast x to signed.

float(x)

           Cast x to float.

min(x...)  The smallest value among x... or false if empty.

max(x...)  The largest value among x... or false if empty.

sum(x...)  Sum/concatenation of x... or false if empty.

prod(x...) Product of x... or false if empty.

sqrt(x)    Square root of x.

log(x)     Natural log of x.

log(x,y)   Log of y to base x.

exp(x)     e^x.

exp(x,y)   x^y

sin(x)     Sine of x

cos(x)     Cosine of x

tan(x)     Tangent of x

asin(x)    Arcsine of x

acos(x)    Arccosine of x

atan(x)    Arctangent of x

atan(x,y)  Angle between vector (x,y) and x-axis.

sinh(x)    Hyperbolic sine of x

cosh(x)    Hyperbolic cosine of x

tanh(x)    Hyperbolic tangent of x

arsinh(x)  Hyperbolic arsine of x

arcosh(x)  Hyperbolic arcosine of x

artanh(x)  Hyperbolic artangent of x

torad(x)   Convert x degrees to radians.

todeg(x)   Convert x radians to degrees.

re(x)      Real part of complex number x.

im(x)      Imaginary part of complex number x.

conj(x)    Complex conjugate of x.

abs(x)     Absolute value of x.

arg(x)     Argument of x.

pyth(x...) sqrt(sum(x^2)). I.e. pythagorean distance.

e          Base of natural logarithm

pi         Pi

true       Constant true

false      Constant false



9 Modifier and key names:

9.1 wxWidgets platform

9.1.1 Modifier names:

Following modifier names are known:

• alt

• ctrl

• shift 

• meta

• cmd (Mac OS X only)

9.1.2 Key names:

Following key names are known:

• back, tab, return, escape, space, exclaim, quotedbl, hash, 
  dollar, percent, ampersand, quote, leftparen, rightparen, 
  asterisk, plus, comma, minus, period, slash, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 
  6, 7, 8, 9, colon, semicolon, less, equals, greater, question, 
  at, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, 
  u, v, w, x, y, z, leftbracket, backslash, rightbracket, caret, 
  underscore, backquote, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, 
  n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z, leftcurly, pipe, 
  rightcurly, tilde, delete, start, lbutton, rbutton, cancel, 
  mbutton, clear, shift, alt, control, menu, pause, capital, end, 
  home, lefT, up, right, down, select, print, execute, snapshot, 
  insert, help, numpad0, numpad1, numpad2, numpad3, numpad4, 
  numpad5, numpad6, numpad7, numpad8, numpad9, multiply, add, 
  separator, subtract, decimal, divide, f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, 
  f7, f8, f9, f10, f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, 
  f20, f21, f22, f23, f24, numlock, scroll, pageup, pagedown, 
  numpad_space, numpad_tab, numpad_enter, numpad_f1, numpad_f2, 
  numpad_f3, numpad_f4, numpad_home, numpad_left, numpad_up, 
  numpad_right, numpad_down, numpad_pageup, numpad_pagedown, 
  numpad_end, numpad_begin, numpad_insert, numpad_delete, 
  numpad_equal, numpad_multiply, numpad_add, numpad_separator, 
  numpad_subtract, numpad_decimal, numpad_divide, windows_left, 
  windows_right, windows_menu, command, special1, special2, 
  special3, special4, special5, special6, special7, special8, 
  special9, special10, special11, special12, special13, 
  special14, special15, special16, special17, special18, 
  special19, special20

10 Movie file format

Movie file is .zip archive in itself, normal ZIP archive tools 
work on it (note: If you recompress it, do not use compression 
methods other than store and deflate and especially do not use 
encryption of any kind).

10.1 Detecting clean start/SRAM/Savestate

• If file has member “savestate” it is savestate, otherwise:

• If file has members with names starting “moviesram.” it is 
  movie starting from SRAM, otherwise:

• It is movie starting from clear state.

10.2 Member: gametype

Type of game ROM and region (as one line). Valid values are:


+--------------+---------------------+--------+
|    Value     |       System        | Region |
+--------------+---------------------+--------+
+--------------+---------------------+--------+
|  snes_pal    |     Super NES       |  PAL   |
+--------------+---------------------+--------+
|   sgb_pal    |   Super Game Boy    |  PAL   |
+--------------+---------------------+--------+
|  snes_ntsc   |     Super NES       |  NTSC  |
+--------------+---------------------+--------+
|  sgb_ntsc    |   Super Game Boy    |  NTSC  |
+--------------+---------------------+--------+
|     bsx      | BS-X (non-slotted)  |  NTSC  |
+--------------+---------------------+--------+
| bsxslotted   |   BS-X (slotted)    |  NTSC  |
+--------------+---------------------+--------+
| sufamiturbo  |    Sufami Turbo     |  NTSC  |
+--------------+---------------------+--------+


Frame rates are:


+---------+-----------------+
| Region  | Framerate (fps) |
+---------+-----------------+
+---------+-----------------+
|  PAL    |   322445/6448   |
+---------+-----------------+
|  NTSC   | 10738636/178683 |
+---------+-----------------+


10.3 Member: port1

Contains type of port #1 (as one line). Valid values are 'none', 
'gamepad', 'multitap' and 'mouse'. If not present, defaults to 
'gamepad'.

10.4 Member: port2

Contains type of port #2 (as one line). Valid values are 'none', 
'gamepad', 'multitap', 'mouse', 'superscope', 'justifier' and 
'justifiers'. If not present, defaults to 'none'.

10.5 Member: gamename

Contains name of the game (as one line).

10.6 Member: authors

Contains authors, one per line. Part before '|' is the full name, 
part after is the nickname.

10.7 Member: systemid

Always “lsnes-rr1” (one line). Used to reject other saves.

10.8 Member: controlsversion

Always “0” (one line). Used to identify what controls are there.

10.9 Member: “coreversion”

Contains bsnes core version number (as one line).

10.10 Member: projectid

Contains project ID (as one line). Used to identify if two movies 
are part of the same project.

10.11 Member: {rom,slota,slotb}{,xml}.sha256

Contains SHA-256 of said ROM or ROM mapping file (as one line). 
Absent if corresponding file is absent.

10.12 Member: moviesram.<name>

Raw binary startup SRAM of kind <name>. Only present in 
savestates and movies starting from SRAM.

10.13 Member: saveframe

Contains frame number (as one line) of frame movie was saved on. 
Only present in savestates.

10.14 Member: lagcounter

Current value of lag counter (as one line). Only present in 
savestates.

10.15 Member: pollcounters

Contains poll counters (currently 100 of them), one per line. 
Each line is raw poll count if DRDY is set for it. Otherwise it 
is negative poll count minus one. Only present in savestates.

10.16 Member: hostmemory

Raw binary dump of host memory. Only present in savestates.

10.17 Member: savestate

The raw binary savestate itself. Savestate detection uses this 
file, only present in savestates.

10.18 Member: screenshot

Screenshot of current frame. Only present in savestates. First 2 
bytes are big-endian width of image, rest are 24-bit RGB image 
data. Height of image is inferred from the width and size of 
data.

10.19 Member: sram.<name>

Raw binary SRAM of kind <name> at time of savestate. Only present 
in savestates.

10.20 Member: input

The actual input track, one line per subframe (blank lines are 
skipped).

• If the first byte of each line is '.', ' ', <tab> or '|', then 
  the line is part of same frame as previous, otherwise it starts 
  a new frame.

• First subframe must start a new frame.

Length of movie in frames is number of lines in input file that 
start a new frame.

10.21 Member: subtitles

Subtitle track. Optional.

• Each line is in form <firstframe> <numframes> <text>.

• Linefeed is encoded as \n, backslash is encoded as \\.

10.22 Member: rerecords

Contains textual base-10 rerecord count (as one line; emulator 
just writes this, it doesn't read it) + 1.

10.23 Member: rrdata

This member stores set of load IDs. There is one load ID per 
rerecord (plus one corresponding to start of project).

• This member constists of concatenation of records

• Each record is 2-36 bytes long and can represent 1-16,843,009 
  consequtive IDs.

• IDs are interpretted as 256-bit big-endian integers with 
  warparound.

• Initial predicted ID is all zeroes.

Format of each record is:

• 1 byte: Opcode byte. Bits 0-4 are prefix length (prefixlen), 
  bits 5-6 are count length (countlen). Bit 7 is unused.

• 32-prefixlen bytes of ID.

• countlen bytes of big-endian count (count).

Records are processed as follows:

• To form the first ID encoded by record, take the first 
  prefixlen bytes predicted ID and append the read ID value to 
  it. The result is the first ID encoded.

• If countlen is 0, record encodes 1 ID.

• If countlen is 1, record encodes 2+count IDs.

• If countlen is 2, record encodes 258+count IDs.

• If countlen is 3, record encodes 65794+count IDs.

• The new predicted ID is the next ID after last one encoded by 
  the record.

The number of rerecords + 1 is equal to the sum of number of IDs 
encoded by all records.

10.24 Member: starttime.second

Movie starting time, second part. Epoch is Unix epoch. Default is 
1,000,000,000.

10.25 Member: starttime.subsecond

Movie starting time, subsecond part. Unit is CPU clocks. Default 
is 0.

10.26 Member: savetime.second

Movie saving time, second part. Default is starttime.second. Only 
present in savestates.

10.27 Member: savetime.subsecond

Movie saving time, subsecond part. Default is 
starttime.subsecond. Only present in savestates.

11 lsvs file format (commentary tracks)

11.1 Clusters

• Each cluster is 8kB (8192 bytes) in size.

• Cluster n starts at offset 8192*n in file.

• The following clusters are system special:

  – Cluster 0 and all clusters with number multiple of 2048 
    (cluster tables)

  – Cluster 1 (superblock)

11.2 Cluster tables

• The cluster table describing cluster n is stored in cluster n & 
  ~0x7FF (zero last 11 bits of n).

• This cluster table consists of 2048 4-byte big-endian integers.

• Each entry describes a cluster in 16MB supercluster, in order.

• The valid values for entries are:

  – 0x00000000: Free cluster

  – 0x00000001: Last cluster in chain.

  – 0xFFFFFFFF: System cluster (cluster tables and superblock)

  – (anything else): Number of next cluster in chain. Must not be 
    multiple of 2048.

• Due to limitations of the format, there can be at most 2097052 
  superclusters, giving maximum file size of 16TB.

11.3 Stream table

• The stream table chain always starts in cluster 2.

• Otherwise, it follows normal chaining.

• The stream table consists of 16-byte entries:

  – The first 8 bytes of entry give big-endian beginning position 
    of stream in units of 1/48000 s.

  – The next 4 bytes of entry give big-endian beginning cluster 
    for control data. 0 here marks the entry as not present.

  – The last 4 bytes of entry give big-endian beginning cluster 
    for codec data.

• Stream table clusters are normal clusters, following normal 
  chaining.

• The stream begnning position is not guarenteed unique. There 
  can be multiple streams with the same starting position in the 
  file.

11.4 Stream control data

• The stream control data consists of entries 4 bytes each:

  – The first 2 bytes of entry gives big-endian length of packet

  – The next byte of entry gives audio length of packet in units 
    of 1/400 s.

  – The last byte is control byte.

    ∗ 0 means this entry is not present and the control data 
      ends.

    ∗ 1 is valid control entry.

• The stream control data can also end by running into end of the 
  readable chain.

  – This happens if there happens to be exact multiple of 2048 
    packets in stream and number of packets is nonzero.

• These clusters follow normal chaining.

11.5 Stream codec data

• Stream codec data consists of raw Opus data packets packed back 
  to back with nothing in between.

• Warning: Due to internal limitations, this data must reside in 
  the first 65536 superclusters (that is, the first 1TB of the 
  file).

11.6 Superblock

• The superblock is stored in cluster 1. 

• The first 11 bytes are “sefs-magic”<NUL>.

• The rest are unused.

• This cluster 1 is marked as system special.

12 Known ROM extensions

• SNES cartridge ROMs: sfc, smc, swc, fig, ufo, sf2, gd3, gd7, 
  dx2, mgd, mgh.

• DMG cartridge ROMs: dmg, gb.

• GBC cartridge ROMs: cgb, gbc.

13 Gamepack files

• The first line must be: “[GAMEPACK FILE]”.

• There is one needed line: “type <systype>”. This sets system 
  type to <systype>. The following system types are valid:

  – snes (SNES)

  – bsx (BS-X non-slotted)

  – bsxslotted (BS-X slotted)

  – sufamiturbo (Sufami Turbo)

  – sgb (Super Game Boy)

  – dmg (Game Boy)

  – gbc (Game Boy Color)

  – gbc_gba (Game Boy Color with GBA initial register values)

• Optionally a region can be specified: “region <region>”. The 
  following values are valid:

  – autodetect (Autodetect region: snes and sgb only)

  – ntsc (NTSC: snes, bsx, bsxslotted, sufamiturbo, sgb)

  – pal (PAL: snes, sgb)

  – world (World: dmg, gbc, gbc_gba)

• ROM images are loaded as: “rom <type> <file>”. The following 
  types are valid:

  – rom (Cartridge ROM in snes, dmg, gbc, gbc_gba. BIOS in bsx, 
    bsxslotted, sufamiturbo)

  – bsx (Cartridge ROM in bsx, bsxslotted)

  – slot-a (Cartridge ROM in sufamiturbo)

  – slot-b (Cartridge ROM in sufamiturbo)

• ROM markup can be loaded as: “xml <type> <file>”. The types 
  valid are the same as for ROMs.

• Patches can be loaded as “patch[<offset>] <type> <file>”. The 
  types are the same as for ROMs.

  – Offset is given in form [+-]<number>. Usually offset is 
    either +0 or -512.

  – Default offset is +0.

13.1 Example:

[GAMEPACK FILE]

type snes

rom rom speedygonzales.sfc

patch-512 rom sonicthehedgehog.ips

13.2 Example 2:

[GAMEPACK FILE]

type sgb

rom rom supergameboy.sfc

rom dmg megamanV.dmg

14 Quick'n'dirty encode guide

1. Start the emulator and load the ROM and movie file.

2. Set large AVI option 'set-setting avi-large on'

3. Enable dumping 'dump-avi tmpdump' 

4. Unpause and let it run until you want to end dumping.

5. Close the emulator (closing the window is the easiest way). Or 
  use 'end-avi'.

6. For each tmpdump*.avi file created, on command prompt, do 
  'x264 --crf 10 -o tmpdump_<numbers>.mkv tmpdump_<numbers>.avi'.

7. Do 'sox tmpdump.sox tmpdump.ogg rate -v 32000'

8. Do 'mkvmerge -o tmpdump_video.mkv tmpdump_0000000.mkv + 
  tmpdump_0000001.mkv + tmpdump_0000002.mkv' (list every 
  tmpdump_<numbers>.mkv, with + in between).

9. Do 'mkvmerge -o final.mkv tmpdump_video.mkv tmpdump.ogg'. Now 
  final.mkv contains quick'n'dirty encode.

15 Axis configurations for some gamepad types:

15.1 XBox360 controller:

Axes 2 and 5 (joystick<n>axis2 and joystick<n>axis5) should be 
set to pressure-+.

set-axis joystick0axis2 pressure-+

set-axis joystick0axis5 pressure-+

• This is needed for SDL only. EVDEV sets those types correctly.

15.2 PS3 “sixaxis” controller:

Axes 8-19 should be disabled.

set-axis joystick0axis8 disabled

set-axis joystick0axis9 disabled

set-axis joystick0axis10 disabled

set-axis joystick0axis11 disabled

set-axis joystick0axis12 disabled

set-axis joystick0axis13 disabled

set-axis joystick0axis14 disabled

set-axis joystick0axis15 disabled

set-axis joystick0axis16 disabled

set-axis joystick0axis17 disabled

set-axis joystick0axis18 disabled

set-axis joystick0axis19 disabled

16 Errata:

16.1 Problems from BSNES core:

• The whole pending save stuff.

• It is slow (especially accuracy).

• Firmwares can't be loaded from ZIP archives.

16.2 Other problems:

• Modifiers don't work with pseudo-keys.

• Audio for last dumped frame is not itself dumped.

• Audio in UI is pretty bad in quality if game doesn't run at 
  full speed.